PGTC 511  Principles of Management

 

Q. Which of the following is NOT associated with Max Weber’s bureaucratic management?

Q. An organization is experiencing ____ when there is a discrepancy between upper management's intended strategy and the strategy actually implemented by the lower levels of management.

 

Q. Aveda is a manufacturer and marketer of cosmetics, perfumes, haircare, and skin-care products. To differentiate its products from other similar brands, Aveda focuses on educating its customers on general skin and hair care. Its salespeople are trained to answer questions and help customers find solutions. Aveda has used customer education and employee training to ____________.

 

 Q Planning is ultimately based upon ____.

 

Q. The most popular approach to increasing goal commitment is ____.

 

Qc 

The ____ is a decision-making method in which a panel of experts responds to questions and to each other until an agreement is reached on how a specific issue should be handled.

 

 Q .  A systems view of management allows managers to

 

 Q      A contractor was feeling defeated because the job he was working on was so far behind schedule. As he looked at the job site, he saw one worker moving bricks by carrying two at a time from where they were unloaded to where they were needed. He saw another climbing up a ladder with a few shingles, climbing back down to get more, and then repeating the process. Which management process could be used to determine how the workers could perform their tasks more efficiently?

 

32. 

is the regulatory process of establishing standards that will achieve organizational goals, comparing actual performance to those standards, and then, if necessary, taking corrective action to restore performance to those standards

 

Q1   ____________ is the process of choosing a solution from available alternatives. 

 

• Decision making 

• Problem identification 

• Heuristics 

• Multivariable selection 

 

Q2  What type of planning would be used to create the festivities necessary to celebrate the 100-year anniversary of a furniture manufacturer? 

 

• Single-use plan 

• Contingency plan 

• Scenario plan 

• Standing plan 

 

Q3 According to

 Kohlberg's model of moral development, people at the expectations. make decisions that conform to societal 

 

• Unconventional level

• Preconventional level 

• Conventional level 

• Postconventional level

 

Q4 Hot Topic is a fast-growing clothing chain targeted to the alternative teen demographic. Hot Topic's CEO Betsy McLaughlin relies on her employees to locate new trends. McLaughlin almost daily consults with her employees for suggestions on what the stores should carry. She relies on their input before making inventory decisions. McLaughlin uses the__ style of management. 

 

• Achievement-oriented  

• Autonomous 

• Directive 

• Participative 

 

Q5   is a viable strategy for changing organizational culture? 

 

• Allow employees to personalize their offices 

• Use behavioral substitution and behavioral addition 

• Eliminate the company dress code 

• All of these 

 

Q6  Relatively stable characteristics such as abilities, psychological motives, or consistent patterns of behavior. form the basis for the of leadership-

 

• Situational theory 

• Behavioral theory

• Trait theory 

• Expectancy theory 

 

Q7 Kraft Foods has created five global product divisions (beverages, snacks, cheese and dairy, convenience meals, and grocery) and two marketing divisions (one for North America and the other for everything else). According to the systems approach to management, these seven divisions are examples of —

 

• Work units 

• Functional systems 

• Closed systems 

• Subsystems 

 

Q8 Typical responsibilities for include setting objectives consistent with organizational goals and then planning and implementing the subunit strategies for achieving these goals. 

 

• Top managers 

• First-line managers

• Team leaders

• Middle managers 

Q9 Job specialization can result in __________ .

 

• High job satisfaction 

• Employee boredom

• Low employee turnover

• Complicated job designs 

 

Q10 In which of the following situations would a Gantt chart be appropriate to use? 

 

• Building a bridge 

• Installing a local area network for a computer system 

• Rebuilding communities destroyed by natural calamities.

• All of these 

 

Q11 McDonald's fast-food restaurants have a well-designed training program for all new employees. Each new employee is supposed to learn how to perform standardized tasks. Due to labor shortages in some areas, these new employees begin work as soon as they are hired and do not receive any off-the-job training. This nonconformity to standards creates ______

 

• Ambiguous group norms

• Motivational grapevines 

• Negative benchmarks 

• Control loss 

 

Q12 First-line managers will most likely have to: 

 

• Monitor the performance of corporate investments

• Encourage, monitor, and reward the performances of their employees 

• Determine how to deal with long-term environmental changes

• Periodically monitor the company's organizational culture 

 

Q13   The ______ approach to decision-making is a method in which an individual or a subgroup is assigned the role of a critic. 

 

• Dialectical inquiry

• Groupthink 

• Devil's advocacy 

• Delphi 

 

Q14 Suppose that a Mexican car manufacturer wants to export cars to Guatemala. The fact that the distribution of income within Guatemala is highly unequal and that about 75 percent of the population is below the poverty line would be a(n)___ component in the manufacturer's general environment. 

 

• Technological 

• Socio-cultural 

• Economic 

• Political: legal 

 

Q 15 The _____ is the set of key values, beliefs, and attitudes shared by members of an organization. 

 

• Industry code of ethics 

• Internal environment 

• Organizational culture 

• Organizational strategy 

 

Q16 _____is the collection of activities that transform inputs into outputs that customer's value. 

• Functionalization

• Organizational structure 

• Production positioning 

• Organizational process 

 

Q17 Large accounting agencies typically have separate departments that deal with households, businesses, and governments. This allows them to better serve the needs of their clients, by using ____ departmentalization-

 

• Matrix 

• Product 

• Customer 

• Geographic

 

Q18 The basic control process of business begins with _____

 

• Either benchmarking or key stoning 

• The establishment of clear standards of performance

• The comparison of actual performance to expected performance

• Problem identification 

 

Q19 After an organization's founders are gone, the organization can use ____ to sustain its organizational culture. 

 

• Industry associations

• Organizational heroes 

• Organizational structure 

• Organizational maps 

 

Q20 Doug has a low-paying job for a telecommunications company. Every day when he goes home from work, Doug puts a headset, a stapler, or something similar in his lunch box and takes it home with him. Doug sees nothing wrong with his behavior since he feels he is being paid less than he should. In terms of Kohlberg's stages of moral development, Doug is operating at which level? 

 

• Conventional 

• Legally mandated 

• Preconventional 

• Postconventional                            

 

Q 21 According to the effective, companies go through long, simple periods of environmental stability, followed by short, complex periods of dynamic, fundamental environmental change, finishing with a return to environmental stability. 

 

• Environmental change theory 

• Theory of environmental dynamics

• Punctuated equilibrium theory 

• Theory of resource scarcity 

 

Q 22 According to strategic reference point theory, managers have two basic strategic alternatives. They are _____________

 

• Risk-avoiding strategy and pioneering strategy 

• Risk-maintenance strategy and conflict-avoidance strategy 

• Risk-avoiding strategy and risk-seeking strategy

• Frontal attack strategy and guerilla strategy 

 

Q23 In the path-goal theory of leadership, subordinate satisfaction and subordinate performance would be examples of ____________.

 

• Leadership stimuli 

• Subordinate contingencies 

• Environmental contingencies 

• Outcomes 

 

Q24 Which of the following is the LEAST aggressive approach likely to be used by an advocacy group? 

 

• Public communications 

• Media advocacy 

• Product boycotts 

• Class action lawsuits 

 

Q25 The last step in effective planning is to ______ .

 

• Maintain flexibility in planning 

• Develop long-term action plans 

• Develop goal commitment 

• Acculturate the employees 

 

Q26 Which of the following is a possible outcome of planning? 

 

• Planning may lead to a mechanistic organizational chart. 

• Planning may harm individual and organizational performance. 

• Planning can eliminate the need for formalization. 

• Planning will allow the company to know about all changes in its external environment before they occur. 

 

Q27 The goal of scientific management is to ______ .

 

• Make sure workers did not consider their work boring or repetitive 

• Decreased wages for individual workers 

• Eliminate conflict between workers and management 

• Find the one best way to perform each task 

 

Q28 Mr. Jan Carlson, the former  of Scandinavian Airline Systems (SAS), believes the most important role for a leader is to instill confidence in people. According to the path-goal theory, this statement indicates that his leadership style would be _____ .

 

• Directive 

• Achievement-oriented 

• Employee-centered 

• Supportive 

 

Q29   A manager has instructed Ralph and his fellow workers to develop a daily theme such as patience, empathy, and kindness. Each day, the workers are to try to emphasize the theme as they work with customers, suppliers, and each other. What kind of a control system is Ralph's manager using? 

 

• Self-control 

• Human resources control 

• Non-administrative control 

• Output control 

 

Q30 _______is a tactic in which an advocacy group actively tries to convince consumers not to purchase a company's product or service. 

 

• Lobbying 

• Public communications 

• Media advocacy 

• Product boycott 

 

Q1 According to the Chester Barnard, which of the following is an example of an Organization? 

 The four author who co- authored a principle of management textbook

 A basketball teams

 The crew working on the construction of a new church

 All of these

Q2 Mr. Jan Carlson, the former CEO of Scandinavian Airline Systems (SAS), believes the most important role for a leader is to instill confidence in people. According to the path-goal theory, this statement indicates that his leadership style would be ____________

 Directive 

 Achievement-oriented

 Employee-centered 

 Supportive 

Q3 Henri Fayol is responsible for developing __________

 Bureaucratic management 

 Administrative management 

 Operations management

 Contingency management

Q4 A manufacturer of automatic locking devices shipped 20,000 devices to a car manufacturer that was unable to use them because of a design flaw. If the manufacturer of the devices waited until the parts were returned before determining why it created unusable component parts, it would be using______ control.

 Feed forward

 Feedback 

 Balanced

 Dynamic

Q5   Large accounting agencies typically have separate departments that deal with households, businesses, and governments. This allows them to better serve the needs of their clients, by using________ departmentalization.

 Matrix

 Product

 Customer

 Geographic

Q6 The ability to perform____ increases in its importance to success as managers' rise through the managerial

 Interpersonal skills 

 Human skills

 Conceptual skills

 Informational skills

 

Q7 According to the S.M.A.R.T. guidelines, goals should be __________

 Aggregated

 Reliable

 Timely

 Motivated

 

Q8 Caterpillar announced plans to cut its production of construction equipment due to forecasted increases in steel prices. By discovering the problem with product inputs and letting customers know that its output will fall short, Caterpillar used controls

 Feedforward

 Feedback

 Concurrent

 Stasis

Q9 Hot Topic is a fast-growing clothing chain targeted to the alternative teen demographic. Hot Topic's CEO Betsy McLaughlin relies on her employees to locate new trends. McLaughlin almost daily consults with her employees for suggestions on what the stores should carry. She relies on their input before making inventory decisions. McLaughlin uses the________style of management

 Achievement-oriented 

 Autonomous

 Directive

 Participative

Q10 Ethical intensity depends on all of the following EXCEPT ____

 Temporal immediacy 

 Probability of effect 

 Proximity of effect 

 Social commitment

 

Q11 _______ is the process of choosing a solution from available alternatives.

 Decision making

 Problem identification 

 Heuristics

 Multivariable selection

 

Q12 This ________is the set of key values, beliefs, and attitudes shared by members of an organization

 Industry code of ethics 

 Internal environment 

 Organizational culture

 Organizational strategy

 

Q13 In Great Britain, Nestle introduced a candy bar called Yorkie with the slogan "It's not for girls!" The resulting furor over this sexist campaign required its British managers to spend a great deal of time in the role of

 Resource Allocators

 Entrepreneurs

 Disturbance handlers

 Liaison

 

Q14 One method of weighing decision criteria uses___ which is a process where each decision is compared directly to every other criterion.

 Absolute Comparisons

 Relative Comparisons

 Valences

 Minimum Threshold Rule

 

Q15   McDonald's uses a_______strategy (a kind of grand strategy) as it increases its profits in France by offering uniquely French products such as Croque McDo, the McDonald's version of a popular French grilled sandwich

 Growth 

 Decline

 Retrenchment/recovery 

 Repositioning

 

Q16 When making travel plans, many tourists have selected Thomas Cook, a British tour operation, because they perceive that no other tour company can duplicate the customer service and satisfaction that Thomas Cook has provided over its years of operation. Thomas Cook has apparently created a sustainable competitive advantage by using ______ resources

 Synergistic

 Valuable

 Tangible

 Non-Substitutable

 

Q17 While ____ emphasizes jobs and their authority relationships. ______emphasizes the activities through which work gets done in the organization.

 Organizational Structure; Organizational Process

 Organizational Process; Organizational Structure

 Interorganizational Process; Intraorganizational Process

 Intraorganizational Process; Interorganizational Process

 

Q18 According to Mary Parker Follett _____ is an approach for dealing with conflict in which one party satisfies its desires and objectives at the expense of the other party's desires and objectives.

 Resolution

 Integration

 Domination

 Coercion

 

Q19  Which of the following companies is most likely operating in a dynamic environment?

 A video game manufacturer 

 A bakery

 A brewery, winery, or distillery in the liquor industry 

 A manufacturer of pet food

 

Q20   ________ is a tactic in which an advocacy group actively tries to convince consumers not to purchase a company's product or service.

 Lobbying

 Public Communications

 Media Advocacy

 Product boycott

 

Q21 According to ____ the most effective management theory or idea depends on the kinds of problems or situations that managers are facing at a particular time and place.

 Scientific management

 The human relations approach 

 Administrative management 

 The contingency approach

 

Q22 A(n)____ Strategy is a corporate strategy that addresses the question “How  should we compete in this industry?”

 Corporate Level

 Industry Level

 Firm Level

 Niche-specific

 

Q23 Mike Walker supervises operations on the chassis assembly line for a large vehicle manufacturer. Most of his time is spent in quality control maintenance, scheduling workers, and training new employees. Walker would be categorized as a

 First-line manager 

 Top manager

 Team leader

 Group facilitator

 

Q24 Which of the following factors can help managers determine whether more or different control is worthwhile?

 Regulation costs 

 Customer flows 

 Channelization 

 Synergy

 

Q25 Kraft Foods has created five global product divisions (beverages, snacks, cheese and dairy, convenience meals, and grocery) and two marketing divisions (one for North America and the other for everything else). According to the systems approach to management, these seven divisions are examples of —

 Work Units

 Functional Systems

 Closed Systems

 Subsystems

 

Q26 Environmental ____ is affected by environmental complexity, change and resources.

 Uncertainty

 Differentiation

 Difficulty

 Essence

 

Q27  A business school administrator who is determining what classes will be offered in which rooms and  who will teach each specific class is involved in which classical management function?

 Organising

 Controlling

 Motivation

 Leading

 

Q28 _____ integrity test indirectly estimate employee honest by measuring psychological traits.

 Overt

 Psychographic-based

 Covert

 Personality-based

 

Q29 Which management theorist provides manager with a better understanding of the effect group social interactions and employee satisfaction have on individual and group performance?

 Elton Mayo

 Chester Barnard

 Henry Fayol

 Max Weber

 

Q30  the ____ approach to decision-making is a method in which an individual or a subgroup is assigned the role of a critic.

 Dialectical Inquiry

 Groupthink

 Devil’s Advocacy

 Delphi

 

1. According to Chester Barnard, which of the following is an example of an organization?

• The four authors who co-authored a principles of management textbook

• a basketball teams

• the crew working on the construction of a new church

• All of these

2. According to Kohlberg' s model of moral development, people at the ___ make decisions that conform to societal expectations.

• unconventional level

• preconventional level

• conventional level

• postconventional  level

3. After a year as a manager, new managers typically realize their job is:

• to be a troubleshooter

• to manage tasks

• just as they expected

• people management

4. Environmental _____  is affected by environmental complexity,  change, and resources.

• uncertainty

• differentiation 

• difficulty

• essence

5. The two major approaches to corporate-level strategy are _____ .

• portfolio strategies and secondary strategies

• grand strategies and temporal strategies

• grand strategies and the portfolio strategy

• the Boston matrix strategy and the Maslow strategy

6. One of the benefits of planning is how it___.

• encourages people to work faster

• reduces employee turnover 

• eliminates all discriminatory practices 

• does none of these

 

7. _____ is a systematic process of defining problems, evaluating alternatives, and choosing optimal solutions.

• Problem identification

• Rational decision making

• Benchmarking

• Multivariable selection

8. In the path-goal theory of leadership, subordinate satisfaction and subordinate performance would be examples of____ .

• leadership stimuli 

• subordinate  contingencies 

• environmental  contingencies 

• outcomes

9. According to the _____ theory, companies go through long, simple periods of environmental stability, followed by short, complex periods of dynamic, fundamental environmental change, finishing with a return to environmental stability .

• environmental change theory

• theory of environmental dynamics 

• punctuated equilibrium theory 

• theory  of resource  scarcity

10. ______ is the measure of the intensity of competitive behavior between companies in an industry.

• Character of culture

• Competitive barrier

• Character of the rivalry

• Benchmarked rivalries

11. Control is a cybernetic process because it___ .

• has a feedback loop

• is an intermittent process

• is the first management function

• uses automated benchmarks

 

12. One of the problems with many of the dot-com companies that failed in the mid- 1990s was a lower and middle management adherence to innovation and an expectation that work would be fun while top management envisioned the company being profitable and the elimination of unnecessary expenses. These companies lacked in_______their organizational cultures.

• empathy

• formalization 

• consistency

• broad spans of management

13. The central concern of the job characteristics model (JCM) is  _____ .

• internal motivation

• synergy

• task identification

• time-motion studies

14. The basic control process of business begins with____ .

• either benchmarking or key stoning

• the establishment of clear standards of performance

• the comparison of actual performance to expected performance

• problem identification

15. Resource similarity and ____ are factors that detennine the extent to which firms will be in direct competition with each other.

• market commonality 

• resource quality 

• related diversification 

• product differentiation

16. According to strategic reference point theory, managers have two basic strategic alternatives. They are _____ .

• risk-avoiding strategy and pioneering strategy

• risk-maintenance strategy and conflict-avoidance strategy

• risk-avoiding strategy and risk-seeking strategy

• frontal attack strategy and guerilla strategy

17. Which of the following is one of the six steps in the rational decision-making process?

• choose a minimally acceptable alternative solution 

• evaluate the effectiveness of the decision 

• weight the criteria

• introduce the decision to those who will be impacted by it

18. Kraft Foods has created five global product divisions (beverages, snacks, cheese and dairy, convenience meals, and grocery) and two marketing divisions (one for North America and the other for everything else). According to the systems approach to management, these seven divisions are examples of _____ .

• work units

• functional systems

• closed systems

• subsystems

19. When making travel plans, many tourists have selected Thomas Cook, a British tour operation, because they perceive that no other tour company can duplicate the customer service and satisfaction that Thomas Cook has provided over its years of operation. Thomas Cook has apparently created a sustainable competitive advantage by using_______resources.

• synergistic

• valuable 

• tangible

• non substitutable

20. A manager has instructed Ralph and his fellow workers to develop a daily theme such as patience, empathy, and kindness. Each day, the workers are to try to emphasize the theme as they work with customers, suppliers, and each other. What kind of acontrol system is Ralph 's manager using?

• self-control

• human resources control

• non-administrative  control

• output control

21. The____ is the set of key values, beliefs, and attitudes shared by members of an organization.

• industry code of ethics 

• internal environment 

• organizational culture 

• organizational strategy

22. Companies may determine standards by____ .

• benchmarking other companies 

• implementing vertical loading 

• using outsourcing

• taking corrective action

Q. A chain of specialty fashion stores has interviewed a sample of its female customers and learned that a customer can be expected to visit the store looking for new merchandise on average every two weeks. The chain of stores was able to set this standard through ____.

a. evaluating the standard's capacity to enable goal achievement

b. benchmarking competitors

c. listening to customers

d. outsourcing. value communication

 

23. According to_____ , the most effective management theory or idea depends on the kinds of problems or situations that managers are facing at a particular time and place.

• Scientific management

• the human relations approach 

• administrative  management 

• the contingency approach

24. McDonald's fast-food restaurants have a well-designed training program for all new employees. Each new employee is  supposed to learn how to perform standardized tasks. Due to labor shortages in some areas, these new employees begin as soon as they are hired and do not receive any off-the-job training. This nonconformity to standards creates____.

• ambiguous group norms

• motivational grapevines 

• negative benchmarks 

• control loss

25. Inwhich of the following situations would a Gantt chart be appropriate to use?

• building a bridge

• installing a local area network for a computer system 

• rebuilding communities destroyed by natural calamities. 

• All of these

26. _____is the process of choosing a solution from available alternatives.

• Decision making

• Problem identification 

• Heuristics 

• Multivariable selection

27. With ____ departmentalization, most employees report to two bosses.

• geographic 

• matrix 

• product

• customer

28. Top management is responsible for developing long-term _____ that make clear how the company will serve customers and position itself against competitors in the next two to five years.

• standing plans 

• tactical plans 

• operational plans 

• strategic plans

29. The last step in effective planning is to______ .

• maintain flexibility in planning

• develop long-term action plans 

• develop goal commitment 

• acculturate the employees

30. Job specialization can result in _____ .

• high job satisfaction

• employee boredom 

• low employee turnover 

• complicated job designs

31 For companies whose main products will not be seen by consumers and whose skills lie in productivity anonymity, a ____ could be to create a brand image to create a distinctive competence.

 

strategic reference point

 

32 Nestlé was unsuccessful in early attempts to sell its chocolate in India. It discovered its chocolate bars were not suitable for the Indian markets because the candy became messy from sitting in direct sunlight without the benefit of air conditioning. Nestlé adopted an innovative strategy and developed Choco stick, a liquid chocolate, now very popular. Which management function did Nestlé use to solve its problem?

 

a. planning

 

b. meeting the competition

 

c. organizing people, processes, and projects

 

d. leading

 

Q, 33. The founder and CEO of a medical products distributor establishes ambitious goals for his employees and is confident that they will be able to achieve these goals. In terms of the path-goal theory, this founder and CEO is exhibiting a(n) ____ type of leadership.

 

Q.33. One of the problems with many of the dot.com companies that failed was a lower and middle management adherence to innovation and an expectation that work would be fun while top management envisioned the company being profitable and eliminating of unnecessary expenses. These companies lacked __________ in their organizational cultures.

a. empathy

b. formalization

c. consistency

broad spans of managemente. responsiveness

 

Q.34 Hallmark has four departments. These departments are (1) Flowers and Gifts, (2) Cards and E-cards, (3) Hallmark Collectibles, and (4) Photo Albums and Scrapbooks. Hallmark uses ____ departmentalization.

a. matrix

byproduct

customer

d. geographice.functional

 

Q.35: In the path goal theory of leadership subordinate satisfaction and subordinate performance would be example of 

 

Q. 36: McDonald's fast-food restaurants have a well-designed training program for all new employees. Each new employee is supposed to learn how to perform standardized tasks. Due to labor shortages in some areas, these new employees begin work as soon as they are hired and do not receive any off-the-job training. This nonconformity to standards creates ____.

37. Tourism was not the only travel-associated industry that was visibly hurt by what happened on 9/11. People decided to vacation at home and sales of luggage and similar travel gear decreased significantly. Sales of home swimming pools increased. This decision to stay at home reflects a change in attitudes toward the perceived safety of long-distance traveling. This is an example of a change in the ____ component of the general environment.

• economic

• technological

• competitive

• socio-cultural

 

38. The use of ____ in planning produces a false sense of certainty and is often cited as one of the major pitfalls of planning.

• detachment

• assumptions

• tactics

• commitment

 

39. In the decisional role of ____, managers adapt themselves, their subordinates, and their units to incremental change.

• liaison

• resource allocator

• entrepreneur

• disturbance handler

 

40. ____ is the regulatory process of establishing standards that will achieve organizational goals, comparing actual performance to those standards, and then, if necessary, taking corrective action to restore performance to those standards.

• Sub optimization

• Implementation

• Control

• Goal setting

 

41. A fast-food restaurant chain is famous for its small, square hamburgers. Which of the following would be a component of its socio-cultural environment?

• the development of fully automated drive-through windows

• a period of business prosperity

• the fact most consumers prefer eating out rather than at home

• a price war with Burger King and McDonald's